Biography

Da Spaniyanci marubuciya (Alcalá de Henares 1547 da 1616 Madrid. Na hudu na bakwai 'ya'yan wani matalauci "surgeon" (medicastro graduating ba, ba tare da social mutunci, kullum suna cike da rubu'i, mai yiwuwa ne, da mai tsanani a k'asar a cikin 'yan shekarun Charles jin k'ai da tsawon sarautar Filibus II, na Yahudawa tushensu, Cervantes bi, ta yi ta yawo daga birnin zuwa wani (Valladolid, Cordova, Seville Madrid, kuma ba za su yi karatu, idan ba a tak'aice al'ada a Jesuits, Cordova da Seville, a Municipal Makarantar Madrid, lokcin da erasmiano López de Hoyos. Wad'annan da aka gabatar a 1568 a farkon ãyõyin Cervantes da  gudunmawa keb'e a manta da Sarauniya Isabella na Valois, na uku, matar Filibus II, ya kira shi, "Ni da tsada, k'aunatacce almajirin". A zuwa ga dũkiyõyinku Cervantes da kuma kamunkai koya, amma humanistic al'adu da aka renaissance wadanchan biyar da 'yan shekarun mai zurfi, domin kullum goyi bayan da ya sha'awa marar kasuwa kuwa karatu da sani karanta, daga baya ya kansa, har ma da takarda tarar da hanyoyi. A 1569, suna da 'yan sanda madrilena ga rauni a  ya murtuke wani Antonio Sigura kuma hukunta absentia, Cervantes gudu a k'asar Italiya. Nan ya yi shekara shida, to k'wararan da formation mutum da marubuciya, na farko a Roma, da aikin Cardinal Giulio Acquaviva, sa'an nan kamar soja da Spaniyanci sojoji, da Naples, Sicily, ba ma kawai ba, har ma a Sardinia da birane daban-daban na nahiyar Afrika. A 7 Oktoba 1571, a bakin Venetian Marchesa rafuffuka masu fad'i, da yak'i da Lepanto, sun kawo mummunan rauni a cikinsa da hagu, cewa sojoji aikin tiyatar da ta haifa sai definitively storpia. Bayan wata dama a asibiti na Messina d'auke da sauran shipping cikin Bahar Rum, muna da hadayarsu, a Naples, birnin da za a sa'an nan a kullum dearest, inda watakila hagu da ake shege, natogli da mysterious mace da mugun abu, sai ya tuna da Galatea da sauran littafan a k'ark'ashin da sunan "Silena". A yayin da ya zauna a k'asar Italiya da singular sojan lesse tarin yawa: classical Latin da Italiyanci humanists, kuma ya rubuta poems da prose sãshen b'ata, rabi da amfani a Galatea. Da 20 ga Satumba 1575 hau a kan Naples galera El Sol lokcin, a k'asar, inda ake binsa shirya ya ci gaba da adabo sojoji, amma bayan kwanaki shida kusa Marseille, yana kama da pirates Moreschi, tare da d'an'uwansa Rodrigo, da kora a Algiers. Fanshi aka tabbatar da farashin tamanina, sai shekaru biyar bayan da za a biya indebitando, har ma fiye da matalauta da marubuciya. Masu shekara biyar na bauta a Algiers ne, tutur horon da karin magana da wuyar, mãsu shħkar abũbuwa Cervantes jure heroically exiting, wanda ya fi samu. Daga baya kuma, a cikin Oktoba na 1580, da ake kira wani sawayenmu a k'asar Asbaniya bayan shekaru goma sha daya da wakilci, amma idan ya yi fata ga gane a fili, da merits, ya ga disilludersi ba da jimawa ba. A k'asar da Filibus ii da veterans pullulavano gawurta, kamar sauran intellectuals da 'yan wasan da imperious mahaifan tauraron Lope de Vega; kuma Cervantes ba da matalauta, a fili, ta yadda za a kusan faufau. Bayan da aka yi ba tare da nasara sawun bureaucratic, sun ba da kunya a ofishin Oran, wad'anda ba su bi, ce a dandalin, babban binciko mai farin jini a yanzu. Da Italiyanci mai ban dariya na sana'a, Ganassa Martinelli) mietevano manyan nasarori da jama'a da wuri mai d'orewa theaters corrales (1) da Madrid da Spaniyanci airlines emulavano su tafiya a k'asar, musamman ma a karo dai na biki na Corpus Christi, saboda sukunin showy outdoors daban-daban. Cervantes hurta irin wasannin ko sun aikata da ga ya wakilta, ya ce, "ashirin ko talatin", ana iya tunawa da kansa, da melancholic irony, shekara talatin bayan, a cikin prologue na Ocho comedias (1615), ya ce, "Kai recitarono, ba abin da zai biya ya yi masa mubaya'a daga abin da ko dukiya daga bama wad'ansu k'auyuka, sun gudu da adabo yakan yi fito ba, kuma ba su yi kuka baraonde". Wadannan "ashirin ko talatin" wasannin kwaikwayo kawai biyu akwai isa a kasance salĩhin mutum (3) da wasanninsu bugawa a karo na farko a 1784 da Antonio Sancha: El na gwada de Numancia (kewaye Numanzia kuma El trato de Argel ( kasuwar Algiers. Sauran, yaya ne suka rasa, musamman lamentabile ne asara mai da Cervantes don da yawa, saboda nad'in sau da dama, La batalla naval, da kowane probability kai zuriya yak'i da Lepanto, a ranar da mai girma da kafin da marubuciya. Da kyan Kome sihirin biyu da muka samu, amma nadãma asarar da juna. Cervantes kullum ma sun  tsakani vocation irin wasannin ko sun, an haife ni a zamanin da

Sassauk'an aiki

Ga wani tsawon lokaci, har ma'arni na babban halittar In Quixote ya tabbatar masa da inuwa a sauran opera cervantina. Masterpiece san ko wa wad'anda ba su tab'a karanta, stimulus a iyaka storytellers (tun daga Ingila settecentisti, inspirer da ban dariya, wasannin kwaikwayo da farces, paintings, Kitsattsen gashin kanki kamar shunayya mafi kyau, drawings (nau'i daga Doré walkiya Dalã har da Picasso da fina-finai, In Quixote durassa bugawa, fasarawa, kazalika, da 'ya'yan sauran littattafai a duniya. Amma ko a cikin ayyukansu sassauk'an kira asalinsu wasanninsu na firayim domin: daga sauran taushi Galatea, exquisite eclogue da platonic k'auna, poem "critical" da autobiographical Viaje na Parnassus, aika da poem italiyanci (Cesare Caporali, amma duk da haka da yin ibada, har cikin tsawon adventure novels "arewa" littattafan Larabci sun daina trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, wanda zai bi da samari biyu, bayan wd'danda complications da farin ciki a karshen, a cikin hasken Roma. To Masterpieces bayyana ma daban-daban da irin wasannin ko sun aikata,' ". A cikin irin wasannin ko sun tsai da wasanninsu da interludes takwas, Agogon cuidadosa (la guardia kishi, El Vizcaino fingido (biscaglino ke nan, El retablo de las Maravillas (shiriyar teatrino delle meraviglie, Cueva de Salamanca (cavern na Salamanca, El Viejo celoso (kishi tsoho, El juez de littattafan Larabci sun daina divorcios (alk'alin saki, El viudo rufián (villain widower da elección de littattafan Larabci sun daina alcaldes de Daganzo (da zaben mayors na Daganzo, authentic, ai, humor, sau da yawa yakan kasa da implacably a undergrowth da prejudices da raunanata mutum, da wasan kwaikwayo Numancia Numanzia (1), da haka yarda Goethe, autobiographical Trato de Argel, a cikinsa akwai-tsoracen bunsurai ne Relived rancor ba, kuma daga cikin takwas aikinsa na 1615, El gallardo español (jarumai Spanisanci, La Casa de littattafan Larabci sun daina celos (a cikin gidan kishi, littattafan Larabci sun daina Baños de Argel (bathrooms na Algiers, El dichoso rufián (villain yi sa'a, Mai girma, Sultana El laberinto de amor, entretenida (1) da ban dariya, Pedro de Urdemalas. 132, sau da yawa, da author, In Quixote su ma biyun Novelas ejemplares: gitanilla zingarella (1), El masoyiya ra'ayin sassauci da karimci k'aunataccena, Rinconete y Cortadillo gorgeous, "documentary" da underworld na Seville, española inglesa, El licenciado Vidriera (Dokta K'azantaccen gilas, hakanan kamannin sauyawa a kan kyakkyawar ganewa jigo, In Quixote, La Fuerza De la Sangre, El celoso extremeño (kishin Extremadura, ilustre Fregona (illustrious sguattera, Las dos doncellas, da 'ya'ya mata biyu, da señora Cornelia, El casamiento engañoso (algush aure da admirable Coloquio de littattafan Larabci sun daina perros (Dialog da karnuka. A k'asar Asbaniya baroque yanzu, nationalist da pessimistic, ya kawo wa hargitsi da excesses mafi disparate, Cervantes, mutum da abũbuwan misãli artist da Renaissance, lucid da serene har k'arshe, gane shi a kan kururuwa saboda bak'in ciki iri iri da follies duniya da melancholy murmushi da humorist da bak'in ciki da sauran ayyukan da kansa ya san yadda zai jawo hankalin shafi iyaka da sana'madawwama, kai maganarsu, maza da mata, duk lokacin da kowace k'asa.

 

Da Philosophical tunanin da harkokin siyasa

A 1316, ya aika wa Cangrande na canto Aljanna, Dante nuna a cikin "kamun negotium sive ethica" da "irin" hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da aka sanya wa mai ban dariya, a kan daidaita metro su lãbartãwa sauran ayyukan cognitive game da harkokin siyasa, watau Convivio, monarchy, Epistles ammali. Da dukiyoyinku da neman nasa ne a sashen girmankai da social rukunin develops, a yi tsammani da Florentine mawãk'i, hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi a zahiri da tarihi: tafiya daga bukatar autonomy gari da rikici, mai yiwuwa ne Dante a iya fahinta cewa wasu unitary, dangane da tarihi da siyasa. Da speculative basira da matsayi dantesca eclectic ne, amma identifiable da kyakkyawar ganewa components, tunanin da Aristotle (mediated ta Albert da yawa, kuma yawan gaskatawa Toma, da classical gãdon da postclassica, filtered ta medieval exegesis (Virgilio na farko, sa'an nan Cicero, Seneca, Boethius, da al'adun mutane biblical da harsashinta daban-daban, da Christian masanan ilmi, d'an kiman neoplatonismo, daga baya kuma, da al'adu, wato jikokinku tsarkakan wurare Faransanci. Dante 161 da hierarchical fasali da finalistica mutum k'ungiya aristotelian zaci-Thomistic, amma develops da basilla independently a zahiri biyu, mushe da Allah, mutum, zuwa wani mai sukuni yaya kimar b'arnar ta nan za a kuma metaphysics, kamar yadda aka haife providentially umurce jũyãwarsu biyu a autonomous kyau. Wannan matsayi ne harshenka a Convivio (1304-07, prose, gaba wajen decade, kazalika lyrics, gudanar a vernacular na encyclopedic dangana da didactic, sa'an nan a cikin 15 warware rantsuwoyinsu, amma ya tsaya a IV), a cikinsa akwai a karo na farko, prologue, a fili yabi vernacular. Illustrating a ii wasik'ar da misalin wak'ar ka ch ma'anar, Dante identifies da "donna bare" ãyõyinmu da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi, ya ce, "Da kyau, 'yar onestissima de ashe Imperadore de da Ubangijin halittu." (Allah), Wata majiya na kara son, ta yin lissafin tafiyar da yarjejeniyar III, die Tageszeitung ta a Amor cewa a zuciya, cewa hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi wak'a gõdiya a stilnovistica mabud'i. Daga baya kuma, ya bar mai kama da rigar da ta uku wak'a (rhymes zak'i, mawãk'i ba, ba zai iya zama masu b'ataccen hankali k'warai a kan yarjejeniyar iv mai tsokaci antacce da didactic a fili, da yarda ya soma siyasa da jigo: wa anar kalmomin nan da mai dattako da gadonsa ake dabĩno da Federico II, ba ma kawai ba ne iya fahinta cewa wasu stilnovistico da mai dattako d'aure wa "aka k'addaro musu." girmankai, amma ba shi da masifa tana tahowa autonomy da philosophical mahukunta, a matsayinsa na da Aristotle) a gaban har ma galibin, ya shafi lamarin dabi a duniya, da giustificandone providential universality da Barome daular. Wannan shi ne jigon da Monarchy Sanarwa opera a 3 littattafai, da epitomizes organically siyasa zaci Dante kuma mache take zazala analytically da hanyarsa. Musamman da muhimmanci shi ne littafi na III, inda author ya zo da rai a cikin, wato jikokinku polemic wa decretalisti, magoya bayan Papal girma yake, dangane da harkokin siyasa da iko (ierocrazia, Ya refutes ga dependence a gaban Augustas da Pope da ni haramta da Donation na Constantine, reaffirming shagalin biyu, sararin sama da autonomous da gatura cikin tushensu. Ya dangana da Monarchy, da theoretical amplitude, da methodological sharpness, biblical tones da'awata salon kid d'aure daga wannan gefe zuwa epistles ammali, bisa ga mai ban dariya. Da une tunani da sau da sassafe na bauta (Epistle na, a madadin shugabannin fari, domin pacification k'okarta da Cardinal Nicolò the Prato, zuriyarsa fata d'aure wa har ma galibin zaben Henry tun farko (Epistles jin k'ai, VI, tun farko, 1310-11, murk'ushe na k'asar Italiya, mugun Fiorentini, Enrico, domin nurturing, Yakan rayar da na kabilarsu a k'asar Italiya, da kyakkyawan fata na tuba Ikilisiyar da ministocin (Epistle mutãnen sun fuskãnce su, 1314, da Italiyanci cardinals) a kullum crescendo daga ruwa da ya dace da ecumenical sarkinsu, da harkokin siyasa da na ruhu, mai ban dariya, mai sanya yin lissafin emphasis ba, sai dai a nan da ake kira "waka siyasa", wato birnin, a kan al'umman, a daular, ya jawo wa dukan 'yan adam a kõ sunã, a cikin jama'a Kowanensu mai da sanin d'aukakar da aiwatar da ladabi kansu lissafi, a yayin da tuk'uru ce da juna da mulkin kai da spheres, ko addini da harkokin siyasa, social da metaphysics.

 

Daga mai ban dariya a Latin aiki a cikin k'angin bautar al

Da fashi, hakika Convivio Larabawa da farko a cikin mai ban dariya, na farko canticles biyu ba su cikin 1316, aljanna bugawa da 'ya'yan Dante, Bitrus da Jacopo, a 1322. Da poem ne ga shikuwa: 14.233 hendecasyllables a rima uku, tsara wak'ok'i 100, d'aya daga cikin prologue da dukan aiki da 33 ga kowa da canticles uku (5, araf akwai wasu maza suna, Aljanna. Dante aka yi wa lak'abin da poem yadda mai ban dariya, da iznin definitions na medieval lexicons, a wajen da tripartition da fasali da ya kwanta a De vulgari eloquentia. Da'ira "shĩ", sun riga sun kasance da Boccaccio a tak'aice treatise, ya bayyana a karo na farko a cikin frontispiece ta karon da Giolito a 1555. Da mai ban dariya ne summa da zartar da literary experiences, ma'aikaci, Ruhu na Dante. Ya zauna a wata shaida musu da Latin Epistles, kuma Ya sanar da saman yammacinta, kuma an ba da De vulgari da Monarchy) k'a'ida da cursus, ko prosastico kid'a, medieval. Mun riga mun ambaci takardar ammali, a nan ne, domin: Epistles II, da jikoki da Alessandro the Romena, ya kashe shi, na III, IV, rakiya lyrics (the Cino Pistoia da Moroello Malaspina, VIII, huta d'ungum, X, da sunan Gherardesca na Battifolle zuwa empress Margherita, xii a Florentine aboki, ya rabu da readmission sallama a Florence Ita, tauhĩdi (1316), da literary natsu, kofatanki zuwa Cangrande della Scala Aljanna, rakiya da aikawa da hannun da dukkan alamu da canons exegetical ayyuka ya bayyana da fasali da ma'anar poem. Na ga wani preumanistica correspondence a Latin da shawara da Bolognese Giovanni del Virgilio biyu, Eclogues kunnuwana Dante (1) 1320-21, har zuwa fi na proposer da fasali da esametro da alãmarsu virgiliano depict, da hali dakushewar kwarjininsa da rai da mawãk'i tsakanin abokai na Ravenna, mafarkin da coronation poetics da ladabi da Kyan d'a a Florence Ita da tunani, poem. Shekarun 1320 (1) ne Questio de aqua tantakwashi Terra, hukumar kulla da rahoton da aka yi a Verona a ratio da tsawo a tsakanin ruwa, sa'an nan kwaram duniya. Da authenticity da yarjejeniyar, sai ta fara printing (1508), ya tabbatar da ilmi da ya nuna Pietro dizahab Dante nell'inedita uku karon da remarks ga mai ban dariya.Biography

Da Spaniyanci marubuciya (Alcalá de Henares 1547 da 1616 Madrid. Na hudu na bakwai 'ya'yan wani matalauci "surgeon" (medicastro graduating ba, ba tare da social mutunci, kullum suna cike da rubu'i, mai yiwuwa ne, da mai tsanani a k'asar a cikin 'yan shekarun Charles jin k'ai da tsawon sarautar Filibus II, na Yahudawa tushensu, Cervantes bi, ta yi ta yawo daga birnin zuwa wani (Valladolid, Cordova, Seville Madrid, kuma ba za su yi karatu, idan ba a tak'aice al'ada a Jesuits, Cordova da Seville, a Municipal Makarantar Madrid, lokcin da erasmiano López de Hoyos. Wad'annan da aka gabatar a 1568 a farkon ãyõyin Cervantes da  gudunmawa keb'e a manta da Sarauniya Isabella na Valois, na uku, matar Filibus II, ya kira shi, "Ni da tsada, k'aunatacce almajirin". A zuwa ga dũkiyõyinku Cervantes da kuma kamunkai koya, amma humanistic al'adu da aka renaissance wadanchan biyar da 'yan shekarun mai zurfi, domin kullum goyi bayan da ya sha'awa marar kasuwa kuwa karatu da sani karanta, daga baya ya kansa, har ma da takarda tarar da hanyoyi. A 1569, suna da 'yan sanda madrilena ga rauni a  ya murtuke wani Antonio Sigura kuma hukunta absentia, Cervantes gudu a k'asar Italiya. Nan ya yi shekara shida, to k'wararan da formation mutum da marubuciya, na farko a Roma, da aikin Cardinal Giulio Acquaviva, sa'an nan kamar soja da Spaniyanci sojoji, da Naples, Sicily, ba ma kawai ba, har ma a Sardinia da birane daban-daban na nahiyar Afrika. A 7 Oktoba 1571, a bakin Venetian Marchesa rafuffuka masu fad'i, da yak'i da Lepanto, sun kawo mummunan rauni a cikinsa da hagu, cewa sojoji aikin tiyatar da ta haifa sai definitively storpia. Bayan wata dama a asibiti na Messina d'auke da sauran shipping cikin Bahar Rum, muna da hadayarsu, a Naples, birnin da za a sa'an nan a kullum dearest, inda watakila hagu da ake shege, natogli da mysterious mace da mugun abu, sai ya tuna da Galatea da sauran littafan a k'ark'ashin da sunan "Silena". A yayin da ya zauna a k'asar Italiya da singular sojan lesse tarin yawa: classical Latin da Italiyanci humanists, kuma ya rubuta poems da prose sãshen b'ata, rabi da amfani a Galatea. Da 20 ga Satumba 1575 hau a kan Naples galera El Sol lokcin, a k'asar, inda ake binsa shirya ya ci gaba da adabo sojoji, amma bayan kwanaki shida kusa Marseille, yana kama da pirates Moreschi, tare da d'an'uwansa Rodrigo, da kora a Algiers. Fanshi aka tabbatar da farashin tamanina, sai shekaru biyar bayan da za a biya indebitando, har ma fiye da matalauta da marubuciya. Masu shekara biyar na bauta a Algiers ne, tutur horon da karin magana da wuyar, mãsu shħkar abũbuwa Cervantes jure heroically exiting, wanda ya fi samu. Daga baya kuma, a cikin Oktoba na 1580, da ake kira wani sawayenmu a k'asar Asbaniya bayan shekaru goma sha daya da wakilci, amma idan ya yi fata ga gane a fili, da merits, ya ga disilludersi ba da jimawa ba. A k'asar da Filibus ii da veterans pullulavano gawurta, kamar sauran intellectuals da 'yan wasan da imperious mahaifan tauraron Lope de Vega; kuma Cervantes ba da matalauta, a fili, ta yadda za a kusan faufau. Bayan da aka yi ba tare da nasara sawun bureaucratic, sun ba da kunya a ofishin Oran, wad'anda ba su bi, ce a dandalin, babban binciko mai farin jini a yanzu. Da Italiyanci mai ban dariya na sana'a, Ganassa Martinelli) mietevano manyan nasarori da jama'a da wuri mai d'orewa theaters corrales (1) da Madrid da Spaniyanci airlines emulavano su tafiya a k'asar, musamman ma a karo dai na biki na Corpus Christi, saboda sukunin showy outdoors daban-daban. Cervantes hurta irin wasannin ko sun aikata da ga ya wakilta, ya ce, "ashirin ko talatin", ana iya tunawa da kansa, da melancholic irony, shekara talatin bayan, a cikin prologue na Ocho comedias (1615), ya ce, "Kai recitarono, ba abin da zai biya ya yi masa mubaya'a daga abin da ko dukiya daga bama wad'ansu k'auyuka, sun gudu da adabo yakan yi fito ba, kuma ba su yi kuka baraonde". Wadannan "ashirin ko talatin" wasannin kwaikwayo kawai biyu akwai isa a kasance salĩhin mutum (3) da wasanninsu bugawa a karo na farko a 1784 da Antonio Sancha: El na gwada de Numancia (kewaye Numanzia kuma El trato de Argel ( kasuwar Algiers. Sauran, yaya ne suka rasa, musamman lamentabile ne asara mai da Cervantes don da yawa, saboda nad'in sau da dama, La batalla naval, da kowane probability kai zuriya yak'i da Lepanto, a ranar da mai girma da kafin da marubuciya. Da kyan Kome sihirin biyu da muka samu, amma nadãma asarar da juna. Cervantes kullum ma sun  tsakani vocation irin wasannin ko sun, an haife ni a zamanin da

Sassauk'an aiki

Ga wani tsawon lokaci, har ma'arni na babban halittar In Quixote ya tabbatar masa da inuwa a sauran opera cervantina. Masterpiece san ko wa wad'anda ba su tab'a karanta, stimulus a iyaka storytellers (tun daga Ingila settecentisti, inspirer da ban dariya, wasannin kwaikwayo da farces, paintings, Kitsattsen gashin kanki kamar shunayya mafi kyau, drawings (nau'i daga Doré walkiya Dalã har da Picasso da fina-finai, In Quixote durassa bugawa, fasarawa, kazalika, da 'ya'yan sauran littattafai a duniya. Amma ko a cikin ayyukansu sassauk'an kira asalinsu wasanninsu na firayim domin: daga sauran taushi Galatea, exquisite eclogue da platonic k'auna, poem "critical" da autobiographical Viaje na Parnassus, aika da poem italiyanci (Cesare Caporali, amma duk da haka da yin ibada, har cikin tsawon adventure novels "arewa" littattafan Larabci sun daina trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, wanda zai bi da samari biyu, bayan wd'danda complications da farin ciki a karshen, a cikin hasken Roma. To Masterpieces bayyana ma daban-daban da irin wasannin ko sun aikata,' ". A cikin irin wasannin ko sun tsai da wasanninsu da interludes takwas, Agogon cuidadosa (la guardia kishi, El Vizcaino fingido (biscaglino ke nan, El retablo de las Maravillas (shiriyar teatrino delle meraviglie, Cueva de Salamanca (cavern na Salamanca, El Viejo celoso (kishi tsoho, El juez de littattafan Larabci sun daina divorcios (alk'alin saki, El viudo rufián (villain widower da elección de littattafan Larabci sun daina alcaldes de Daganzo (da zaben mayors na Daganzo, authentic, ai, humor, sau da yawa yakan kasa da implacably a undergrowth da prejudices da raunanata mutum, da wasan kwaikwayo Numancia Numanzia (1), da haka yarda Goethe, autobiographical Trato de Argel, a cikinsa akwai-tsoracen bunsurai ne Relived rancor ba, kuma daga cikin takwas aikinsa na 1615, El gallardo español (jarumai Spanisanci, La Casa de littattafan Larabci sun daina celos (a cikin gidan kishi, littattafan Larabci sun daina Baños de Argel (bathrooms na Algiers, El dichoso rufián (villain yi sa'a, Mai girma, Sultana El laberinto de amor, entretenida (1) da ban dariya, Pedro de Urdemalas. 132, sau da yawa, da author, In Quixote su ma biyun Novelas ejemplares: gitanilla zingarella (1), El masoyiya ra'ayin sassauci da karimci k'aunataccena, Rinconete y Cortadillo gorgeous, "documentary" da underworld na Seville, española inglesa, El licenciado Vidriera (Dokta K'azantaccen gilas, hakanan kamannin sauyawa a kan kyakkyawar ganewa jigo, In Quixote, La Fuerza De la Sangre, El celoso extremeño (kishin Extremadura, ilustre Fregona (illustrious sguattera, Las dos doncellas, da 'ya'ya mata biyu, da señora Cornelia, El casamiento engañoso (algush aure da admirable Coloquio de littattafan Larabci sun daina perros (Dialog da karnuka. A k'asar Asbaniya baroque yanzu, nationalist da pessimistic, ya kawo wa hargitsi da excesses mafi disparate, Cervantes, mutum da abũbuwan misãli artist da Renaissance, lucid da serene har k'arshe, gane shi a kan kururuwa saboda bak'in ciki iri iri da follies duniya da melancholy murmushi da humorist da bak'in ciki da sauran ayyukan da kansa ya san yadda zai jawo hankalin shafi iyaka da sana'madawwama, kai maganarsu, maza da mata, duk lokacin da kowace k'asa.

 

Da Philosophical tunanin da harkokin siyasa

A 1316, ya aika wa Cangrande na canto Aljanna, Dante nuna a cikin "kamun negotium sive ethica" da "irin" hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da aka sanya wa mai ban dariya, a kan daidaita metro su lãbartãwa sauran ayyukan cognitive game da harkokin siyasa, watau Convivio, monarchy, Epistles ammali. Da dukiyoyinku da neman nasa ne a sashen girmankai da social rukunin develops, a yi tsammani da Florentine mawãk'i, hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi a zahiri da tarihi: tafiya daga bukatar autonomy gari da rikici, mai yiwuwa ne Dante a iya fahinta cewa wasu unitary, dangane da tarihi da siyasa. Da speculative basira da matsayi dantesca eclectic ne, amma identifiable da kyakkyawar ganewa components, tunanin da Aristotle (mediated ta Albert da yawa, kuma yawan gaskatawa Toma, da classical gãdon da postclassica, filtered ta medieval exegesis (Virgilio na farko, sa'an nan Cicero, Seneca, Boethius, da al'adun mutane biblical da harsashinta daban-daban, da Christian masanan ilmi, d'an kiman neoplatonismo, daga baya kuma, da al'adu, wato jikokinku tsarkakan wurare Faransanci. Dante 161 da hierarchical fasali da finalistica mutum k'ungiya aristotelian zaci-Thomistic, amma develops da basilla independently a zahiri biyu, mushe da Allah, mutum, zuwa wani mai sukuni yaya kimar b'arnar ta nan za a kuma metaphysics, kamar yadda aka haife providentially umurce jũyãwarsu biyu a autonomous kyau. Wannan matsayi ne harshenka a Convivio (1304-07, prose, gaba wajen decade, kazalika lyrics, gudanar a vernacular na encyclopedic dangana da didactic, sa'an nan a cikin 15 warware rantsuwoyinsu, amma ya tsaya a IV), a cikinsa akwai a karo na farko, prologue, a fili yabi vernacular. Illustrating a ii wasik'ar da misalin wak'ar ka ch ma'anar, Dante identifies da "donna bare" ãyõyinmu da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi, ya ce, "Da kyau, 'yar onestissima de ashe Imperadore de da Ubangijin halittu." (Allah), Wata majiya na kara son, ta yin lissafin tafiyar da yarjejeniyar III, die Tageszeitung ta a Amor cewa a zuciya, cewa hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi wak'a gõdiya a stilnovistica mabud'i. Daga baya kuma, ya bar mai kama da rigar da ta uku wak'a (rhymes zak'i, mawãk'i ba, ba zai iya zama masu b'ataccen hankali k'warai a kan yarjejeniyar iv mai tsokaci antacce da didactic a fili, da yarda ya soma siyasa da jigo: wa anar kalmomin nan da mai dattako da gadonsa ake dabĩno da Federico II, ba ma kawai ba ne iya fahinta cewa wasu stilnovistico da mai dattako d'aure wa "aka k'addaro musu." girmankai, amma ba shi da masifa tana tahowa autonomy da philosophical mahukunta, a matsayinsa na da Aristotle) a gaban har ma galibin, ya shafi lamarin dabi a duniya, da giustificandone providential universality da Barome daular. Wannan shi ne jigon da Monarchy Sanarwa opera a 3 littattafai, da epitomizes organically siyasa zaci Dante kuma mache take zazala analytically da hanyarsa. Musamman da muhimmanci shi ne littafi na III, inda author ya zo da rai a cikin, wato jikokinku polemic wa decretalisti, magoya bayan Papal girma yake, dangane da harkokin siyasa da iko (ierocrazia, Ya refutes ga dependence a gaban Augustas da Pope da ni haramta da Donation na Constantine, reaffirming shagalin biyu, sararin sama da autonomous da gatura cikin tushensu. Ya dangana da Monarchy, da theoretical amplitude, da methodological sharpness, biblical tones da'awata salon kid d'aure daga wannan gefe zuwa epistles ammali, bisa ga mai ban dariya. Da une tunani da sau da sassafe na bauta (Epistle na, a madadin shugabannin fari, domin pacification k'okarta da Cardinal Nicolò the Prato, zuriyarsa fata d'aure wa har ma galibin zaben Henry tun farko (Epistles jin k'ai, VI, tun farko, 1310-11, murk'ushe na k'asar Italiya, mugun Fiorentini, Enrico, domin nurturing, Yakan rayar da na kabilarsu a k'asar Italiya, da kyakkyawan fata na tuba Ikilisiyar da ministocin (Epistle mutãnen sun fuskãnce su, 1314, da Italiyanci cardinals) a kullum crescendo daga ruwa da ya dace da ecumenical sarkinsu, da harkokin siyasa da na ruhu, mai ban dariya, mai sanya yin lissafin emphasis ba, sai dai a nan da ake kira "waka siyasa", wato birnin, a kan al'umman, a daular, ya jawo wa dukan 'yan adam a kõ sunã, a cikin jama'a Kowanensu mai da sanin d'aukakar da aiwatar da ladabi kansu lissafi, a yayin da tuk'uru ce da juna da mulkin kai da spheres, ko addini da harkokin siyasa, social da metaphysics.

 

Daga mai ban dariya a Latin aiki a cikin k'angin bautar al

Da fashi, hakika Convivio Larabawa da farko a cikin mai ban dariya, na farko canticles biyu ba su cikin 1316, aljanna bugawa da 'ya'yan Dante, Bitrus da Jacopo, a 1322. Da poem ne ga shikuwa: 14.233 hendecasyllables a rima uku, tsara wak'ok'i 100, d'aya daga cikin prologue da dukan aiki da 33 ga kowa da canticles uku (5, araf akwai wasu maza suna, Aljanna. Dante aka yi wa lak'abin da poem yadda mai ban dariya, da iznin definitions na medieval lexicons, a wajen da tripartition da fasali da ya kwanta a De vulgari eloquentia. Da'ira "shĩ", sun riga sun kasance da Boccaccio a tak'aice treatise, ya bayyana a karo na farko a cikin frontispiece ta karon da Giolito a 1555. Da mai ban dariya ne summa da zartar da literary experiences, ma'aikaci, Ruhu na Dante. Ya zauna a wata shaida musu da Latin Epistles, kuma Ya sanar da saman yammacinta, kuma an ba da De vulgari da Monarchy) k'a'ida da cursus, ko prosastico kid'a, medieval. Mun riga mun ambaci takardar ammali, a nan ne, domin: Epistles II, da jikoki da Alessandro the Romena, ya kashe shi, na III, IV, rakiya lyrics (the Cino Pistoia da Moroello Malaspina, VIII, huta d'ungum, X, da sunan Gherardesca na Battifolle zuwa empress Margherita, xii a Florentine aboki, ya rabu da readmission sallama a Florence Ita, tauhĩdi (1316), da literary natsu, kofatanki zuwa Cangrande della Scala Aljanna, rakiya da aikawa da hannun da dukkan alamu da canons exegetical ayyuka ya bayyana da fasali da ma'anar poem. Na ga wani preumanistica correspondence a Latin da shawara da Bolognese Giovanni del Virgilio biyu, Eclogues kunnuwana Dante (1) 1320-21, har zuwa fi na proposer da fasali da esametro da alãmarsu virgiliano depict, da hali dakushewar kwarjininsa da rai da mawãk'i tsakanin abokai na Ravenna, mafarkin da coronation poetics da ladabi da Kyan d'a a Florence Ita da tunani, poem. Shekarun 1320 (1) ne Questio de aqua tantakwashi Terra, hukumar kulla da rahoton da aka yi a Verona a ratio da tsawo a tsakanin ruwa, sa'an nan kwaram duniya. Da authenticity da yarjejeniyar, sai ta fara printing (1508), ya tabbatar da ilmi da ya nuna Pietro dizahab Dante nell'inedita uku karon da remarks ga mai ban dariya.Biography

Da Spaniyanci marubuciya (Alcalá de Henares 1547 da 1616 Madrid. Na hudu na bakwai 'ya'yan wani matalauci "surgeon" (medicastro graduating ba, ba tare da social mutunci, kullum suna cike da rubu'i, mai yiwuwa ne, da mai tsanani a k'asar a cikin 'yan shekarun Charles jin k'ai da tsawon sarautar Filibus II, na Yahudawa tushensu, Cervantes bi, ta yi ta yawo daga birnin zuwa wani (Valladolid, Cordova, Seville Madrid, kuma ba za su yi karatu, idan ba a tak'aice al'ada a Jesuits, Cordova da Seville, a Municipal Makarantar Madrid, lokcin da erasmiano López de Hoyos. Wad'annan da aka gabatar a 1568 a farkon ãyõyin Cervantes da  gudunmawa keb'e a manta da Sarauniya Isabella na Valois, na uku, matar Filibus II, ya kira shi, "Ni da tsada, k'aunatacce almajirin". A zuwa ga dũkiyõyinku Cervantes da kuma kamunkai koya, amma humanistic al'adu da aka renaissance wadanchan biyar da 'yan shekarun mai zurfi, domin kullum goyi bayan da ya sha'awa marar kasuwa kuwa karatu da sani karanta, daga baya ya kansa, har ma da takarda tarar da hanyoyi. A 1569, suna da 'yan sanda madrilena ga rauni a  ya murtuke wani Antonio Sigura kuma hukunta absentia, Cervantes gudu a k'asar Italiya. Nan ya yi shekara shida, to k'wararan da formation mutum da marubuciya, na farko a Roma, da aikin Cardinal Giulio Acquaviva, sa'an nan kamar soja da Spaniyanci sojoji, da Naples, Sicily, ba ma kawai ba, har ma a Sardinia da birane daban-daban na nahiyar Afrika. A 7 Oktoba 1571, a bakin Venetian Marchesa rafuffuka masu fad'i, da yak'i da Lepanto, sun kawo mummunan rauni a cikinsa da hagu, cewa sojoji aikin tiyatar da ta haifa sai definitively storpia. Bayan wata dama a asibiti na Messina d'auke da sauran shipping cikin Bahar Rum, muna da hadayarsu, a Naples, birnin da za a sa'an nan a kullum dearest, inda watakila hagu da ake shege, natogli da mysterious mace da mugun abu, sai ya tuna da Galatea da sauran littafan a k'ark'ashin da sunan "Silena". A yayin da ya zauna a k'asar Italiya da singular sojan lesse tarin yawa: classical Latin da Italiyanci humanists, kuma ya rubuta poems da prose sãshen b'ata, rabi da amfani a Galatea. Da 20 ga Satumba 1575 hau a kan Naples galera El Sol lokcin, a k'asar, inda ake binsa shirya ya ci gaba da adabo sojoji, amma bayan kwanaki shida kusa Marseille, yana kama da pirates Moreschi, tare da d'an'uwansa Rodrigo, da kora a Algiers. Fanshi aka tabbatar da farashin tamanina, sai shekaru biyar bayan da za a biya indebitando, har ma fiye da matalauta da marubuciya. Masu shekara biyar na bauta a Algiers ne, tutur horon da karin magana da wuyar, mãsu shħkar abũbuwa Cervantes jure heroically exiting, wanda ya fi samu. Daga baya kuma, a cikin Oktoba na 1580, da ake kira wani sawayenmu a k'asar Asbaniya bayan shekaru goma sha daya da wakilci, amma idan ya yi fata ga gane a fili, da merits, ya ga disilludersi ba da jimawa ba. A k'asar da Filibus ii da veterans pullulavano gawurta, kamar sauran intellectuals da 'yan wasan da imperious mahaifan tauraron Lope de Vega; kuma Cervantes ba da matalauta, a fili, ta yadda za a kusan faufau. Bayan da aka yi ba tare da nasara sawun bureaucratic, sun ba da kunya a ofishin Oran, wad'anda ba su bi, ce a dandalin, babban binciko mai farin jini a yanzu. Da Italiyanci mai ban dariya na sana'a, Ganassa Martinelli) mietevano manyan nasarori da jama'a da wuri mai d'orewa theaters corrales (1) da Madrid da Spaniyanci airlines emulavano su tafiya a k'asar, musamman ma a karo dai na biki na Corpus Christi, saboda sukunin showy outdoors daban-daban. Cervantes hurta irin wasannin ko sun aikata da ga ya wakilta, ya ce, "ashirin ko talatin", ana iya tunawa da kansa, da melancholic irony, shekara talatin bayan, a cikin prologue na Ocho comedias (1615), ya ce, "Kai recitarono, ba abin da zai biya ya yi masa mubaya'a daga abin da ko dukiya daga bama wad'ansu k'auyuka, sun gudu da adabo yakan yi fito ba, kuma ba su yi kuka baraonde". Wadannan "ashirin ko talatin" wasannin kwaikwayo kawai biyu akwai isa a kasance salĩhin mutum (3) da wasanninsu bugawa a karo na farko a 1784 da Antonio Sancha: El na gwada de Numancia (kewaye Numanzia kuma El trato de Argel ( kasuwar Algiers. Sauran, yaya ne suka rasa, musamman lamentabile ne asara mai da Cervantes don da yawa, saboda nad'in sau da dama, La batalla naval, da kowane probability kai zuriya yak'i da Lepanto, a ranar da mai girma da kafin da marubuciya. Da kyan Kome sihirin biyu da muka samu, amma nadãma asarar da juna. Cervantes kullum ma sun  tsakani vocation irin wasannin ko sun, an haife ni a zamanin da

Sassauk'an aiki

Ga wani tsawon lokaci, har ma'arni na babban halittar In Quixote ya tabbatar masa da inuwa a sauran opera cervantina. Masterpiece san ko wa wad'anda ba su tab'a karanta, stimulus a iyaka storytellers (tun daga Ingila settecentisti, inspirer da ban dariya, wasannin kwaikwayo da farces, paintings, Kitsattsen gashin kanki kamar shunayya mafi kyau, drawings (nau'i daga Doré walkiya Dalã har da Picasso da fina-finai, In Quixote durassa bugawa, fasarawa, kazalika, da 'ya'yan sauran littattafai a duniya. Amma ko a cikin ayyukansu sassauk'an kira asalinsu wasanninsu na firayim domin: daga sauran taushi Galatea, exquisite eclogue da platonic k'auna, poem "critical" da autobiographical Viaje na Parnassus, aika da poem italiyanci (Cesare Caporali, amma duk da haka da yin ibada, har cikin tsawon adventure novels "arewa" littattafan Larabci sun daina trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda, wanda zai bi da samari biyu, bayan wd'danda complications da farin ciki a karshen, a cikin hasken Roma. To Masterpieces bayyana ma daban-daban da irin wasannin ko sun aikata,' ". A cikin irin wasannin ko sun tsai da wasanninsu da interludes takwas, Agogon cuidadosa (la guardia kishi, El Vizcaino fingido (biscaglino ke nan, El retablo de las Maravillas (shiriyar teatrino delle meraviglie, Cueva de Salamanca (cavern na Salamanca, El Viejo celoso (kishi tsoho, El juez de littattafan Larabci sun daina divorcios (alk'alin saki, El viudo rufián (villain widower da elección de littattafan Larabci sun daina alcaldes de Daganzo (da zaben mayors na Daganzo, authentic, ai, humor, sau da yawa yakan kasa da implacably a undergrowth da prejudices da raunanata mutum, da wasan kwaikwayo Numancia Numanzia (1), da haka yarda Goethe, autobiographical Trato de Argel, a cikinsa akwai-tsoracen bunsurai ne Relived rancor ba, kuma daga cikin takwas aikinsa na 1615, El gallardo español (jarumai Spanisanci, La Casa de littattafan Larabci sun daina celos (a cikin gidan kishi, littattafan Larabci sun daina Baños de Argel (bathrooms na Algiers, El dichoso rufián (villain yi sa'a, Mai girma, Sultana El laberinto de amor, entretenida (1) da ban dariya, Pedro de Urdemalas. 132, sau da yawa, da author, In Quixote su ma biyun Novelas ejemplares: gitanilla zingarella (1), El masoyiya ra'ayin sassauci da karimci k'aunataccena, Rinconete y Cortadillo gorgeous, "documentary" da underworld na Seville, española inglesa, El licenciado Vidriera (Dokta K'azantaccen gilas, hakanan kamannin sauyawa a kan kyakkyawar ganewa jigo, In Quixote, La Fuerza De la Sangre, El celoso extremeño (kishin Extremadura, ilustre Fregona (illustrious sguattera, Las dos doncellas, da 'ya'ya mata biyu, da señora Cornelia, El casamiento engañoso (algush aure da admirable Coloquio de littattafan Larabci sun daina perros (Dialog da karnuka. A k'asar Asbaniya baroque yanzu, nationalist da pessimistic, ya kawo wa hargitsi da excesses mafi disparate, Cervantes, mutum da abũbuwan misãli artist da Renaissance, lucid da serene har k'arshe, gane shi a kan kururuwa saboda bak'in ciki iri iri da follies duniya da melancholy murmushi da humorist da bak'in ciki da sauran ayyukan da kansa ya san yadda zai jawo hankalin shafi iyaka da sana'madawwama, kai maganarsu, maza da mata, duk lokacin da kowace k'asa.

 

Da Philosophical tunanin da harkokin siyasa

A 1316, ya aika wa Cangrande na canto Aljanna, Dante nuna a cikin "kamun negotium sive ethica" da "irin" hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi da aka sanya wa mai ban dariya, a kan daidaita metro su lãbartãwa sauran ayyukan cognitive game da harkokin siyasa, watau Convivio, monarchy, Epistles ammali. Da dukiyoyinku da neman nasa ne a sashen girmankai da social rukunin develops, a yi tsammani da Florentine mawãk'i, hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi a zahiri da tarihi: tafiya daga bukatar autonomy gari da rikici, mai yiwuwa ne Dante a iya fahinta cewa wasu unitary, dangane da tarihi da siyasa. Da speculative basira da matsayi dantesca eclectic ne, amma identifiable da kyakkyawar ganewa components, tunanin da Aristotle (mediated ta Albert da yawa, kuma yawan gaskatawa Toma, da classical gãdon da postclassica, filtered ta medieval exegesis (Virgilio na farko, sa'an nan Cicero, Seneca, Boethius, da al'adun mutane biblical da harsashinta daban-daban, da Christian masanan ilmi, d'an kiman neoplatonismo, daga baya kuma, da al'adu, wato jikokinku tsarkakan wurare Faransanci. Dante 161 da hierarchical fasali da finalistica mutum k'ungiya aristotelian zaci-Thomistic, amma develops da basilla independently a zahiri biyu, mushe da Allah, mutum, zuwa wani mai sukuni yaya kimar b'arnar ta nan za a kuma metaphysics, kamar yadda aka haife providentially umurce jũyãwarsu biyu a autonomous kyau. Wannan matsayi ne harshenka a Convivio (1304-07, prose, gaba wajen decade, kazalika lyrics, gudanar a vernacular na encyclopedic dangana da didactic, sa'an nan a cikin 15 warware rantsuwoyinsu, amma ya tsaya a IV), a cikinsa akwai a karo na farko, prologue, a fili yabi vernacular. Illustrating a ii wasik'ar da misalin wak'ar ka ch ma'anar, Dante identifies da "donna bare" ãyõyinmu da hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi, ya ce, "Da kyau, 'yar onestissima de ashe Imperadore de da Ubangijin halittu." (Allah), Wata majiya na kara son, ta yin lissafin tafiyar da yarjejeniyar III, die Tageszeitung ta a Amor cewa a zuciya, cewa hanyar iliminsa na yaudarar wofi wak'a gõdiya a stilnovistica mabud'i. Daga baya kuma, ya bar mai kama da rigar da ta uku wak'a (rhymes zak'i, mawãk'i ba, ba zai iya zama masu b'ataccen hankali k'warai a kan yarjejeniyar iv mai tsokaci antacce da didactic a fili, da yarda ya soma siyasa da jigo: wa anar kalmomin nan da mai dattako da gadonsa ake dabĩno da Federico II, ba ma kawai ba ne iya fahinta cewa wasu stilnovistico da mai dattako d'aure wa "aka k'addaro musu." girmankai, amma ba shi da masifa tana tahowa autonomy da philosophical mahukunta, a matsayinsa na da Aristotle) a gaban har ma galibin, ya shafi lamarin dabi a duniya, da giustificandone providential universality da Barome daular. Wannan shi ne jigon da Monarchy Sanarwa opera a 3 littattafai, da epitomizes organically siyasa zaci Dante kuma mache take zazala analytically da hanyarsa. Musamman da muhimmanci shi ne littafi na III, inda author ya zo da rai a cikin, wato jikokinku polemic wa decretalisti, magoya bayan Papal girma yake, dangane da harkokin siyasa da iko (ierocrazia, Ya refutes ga dependence a gaban Augustas da Pope da ni haramta da Donation na Constantine, reaffirming shagalin biyu, sararin sama da autonomous da gatura cikin tushensu. Ya dangana da Monarchy, da theoretical amplitude, da methodological sharpness, biblical tones da'awata salon kid d'aure daga wannan gefe zuwa epistles ammali, bisa ga mai ban dariya. Da une tunani da sau da sassafe na bauta (Epistle na, a madadin shugabannin fari, domin pacification k'okarta da Cardinal Nicolò the Prato, zuriyarsa fata d'aure wa har ma galibin zaben Henry tun farko (Epistles jin k'ai, VI, tun farko, 1310-11, murk'ushe na k'asar Italiya, mugun Fiorentini, Enrico, domin nurturing, Yakan rayar da na kabilarsu a k'asar Italiya, da kyakkyawan fata na tuba Ikilisiyar da ministocin (Epistle mutãnen sun fuskãnce su, 1314, da Italiyanci cardinals) a kullum crescendo daga ruwa da ya dace da ecumenical sarkinsu, da harkokin siyasa da na ruhu, mai ban dariya, mai sanya yin lissafin emphasis ba, sai dai a nan da ake kira "waka siyasa", wato birnin, a kan al'umman, a daular, ya jawo wa dukan 'yan adam a kõ sunã, a cikin jama'a Kowanensu mai da sanin d'aukakar da aiwatar da ladabi kansu lissafi, a yayin da tuk'uru ce da juna da mulkin kai da spheres, ko addini da harkokin siyasa, social da metaphysics.

 

Daga mai ban dariya a Latin aiki a cikin k'angin bautar al

Da fashi, hakika Convivio Larabawa da farko a cikin mai ban dariya, na farko canticles biyu ba su cikin 1316, aljanna bugawa da 'ya'yan Dante, Bitrus da Jacopo, a 1322. Da poem ne ga shikuwa: 14.233 hendecasyllables a rima uku, tsara wak'ok'i 100, d'aya daga cikin prologue da dukan aiki da 33 ga kowa da canticles uku (5, araf akwai wasu maza suna, Aljanna. Dante aka yi wa lak'abin da poem yadda mai ban dariya, da iznin definitions na medieval lexicons, a wajen da tripartition da fasali da ya kwanta a De vulgari eloquentia. Da'ira "shĩ", sun riga sun kasance da Boccaccio a tak'aice treatise, ya bayyana a karo na farko a cikin frontispiece ta karon da Giolito a 1555. Da mai ban dariya ne summa da zartar da literary experiences, ma'aikaci, Ruhu na Dante. Ya zauna a wata shaida musu da Latin Epistles, kuma Ya sanar da saman yammacinta, kuma an ba da De vulgari da Monarchy) k'a'ida da cursus, ko prosastico kid'a, medieval. Mun riga mun ambaci takardar ammali, a nan ne, domin: Epistles II, da jikoki da Alessandro the Romena, ya kashe shi, na III, IV, rakiya lyrics (the Cino Pistoia da Moroello Malaspina, VIII, huta d'ungum, X, da sunan Gherardesca na Battifolle zuwa empress Margherita, xii a Florentine aboki, ya rabu da readmission sallama a Florence Ita, tauhĩdi (1316), da literary natsu, kofatanki zuwa Cangrande della Scala Aljanna, rakiya da aikawa da hannun da dukkan alamu da canons exegetical ayyuka ya bayyana da fasali da ma'anar poem. Na ga wani preumanistica correspondence a Latin da shawara da Bolognese Giovanni del Virgilio biyu, Eclogues kunnuwana Dante (1) 1320-21, har zuwa fi na proposer da fasali da esametro da alãmarsu virgiliano depict, da hali dakushewar kwarjininsa da rai da mawãk'i tsakanin abokai na Ravenna, mafarkin da coronation poetics da ladabi da Kyan d'a a Florence Ita da tunani, poem. Shekarun 1320 (1) ne Questio de aqua tantakwashi Terra, hukumar kulla da rahoton da aka yi a Verona a ratio da tsawo a tsakanin ruwa, sa'an nan kwaram duniya. Da authenticity da yarjejeniyar, sai ta fara printing (1508), ya tabbatar da ilmi da ya nuna Pietro dizahab Dante nell'inedita uku karon da remarks ga mai ban dariya.